[Great Emigration] Ch. Dupin - Opinion sur la Pologne et sur les persecutions religieuses de la Russie. Paris [1846].

Baron Pierre-Charles-François Dupin: French mathematician and economist, born in Varzy, Nièvre, October 6, 1784; died in Paris, January 18, 1873. At the age of twenty-three, he entered the Ecole polytechnique and, after three years of successful study under the famous Monge, received the rank of naval engineer. He then served in this capacity in the navy and showed such great ability that he was later appointed inspector general of the navy. In 1813 he published a pamphlet, "Développement de géométrie pour faire suite a la géométrie pratique de Monge" (Paris, 1813), containing many new and brilliant theories, the most important of which were one on the index of curved surfaces and another on orthogonal surfaces. In 1818, he was elected to the Academy of Sciences. In his "Carte de la France eclairee" (Paris, 1824), he was the first to use different colors to show the development of education in different parts of France. Charles X gave him the title of baron in 1824. Dupin gradually turned to politics and was a member of legislative assemblies for forty years.